Water vulnerability is contingent upon biophysical and social drivers operating at multiple scales and is difficult to assess. Vulnerability assessment evaluates a system’s sensitivity to potential threats, and to identify key challenges to the system in reducing or mitigating the risk associated with the negative consequences from adversarial actions. It supports to generate important evidence for the decision and policy makers for identifying and planning proper adaptation plan of action. Vulnerability indices are used to quantify the range and extent of vulnerability in a system.